Manufacture of gasoline



ug. 2l, 1923.

R.`YATEs MANUFACTURE OF GASOLINE Filed July 6, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet lAug. 21, 1923. 1,465,752

R. YATES MANUFACTURE OF' GASOLINE Filed July 6 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Patented Aug. 2l', 1923.

ROBERT YATES, 0F PASSAI, NEW JERSEY.

MANUFACTURE 0F GASOLINE.

Application led lJuly 6, 1920. Serial No. 394,200.

To all whom t 'ma-y concern.'

Be it known that I, ROBERT YATES, a citizen of the United States`residing in the city of Passaic, State of New Jersey, have invented newand useful Improvements'in the Manufacture of Gasoline, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to processes for reducing high boiling petroleumoils to lower boiling oils and theuobject is to devise a process bywhich the oils may be passed thru the several stages of treatment in onecontinuous, uninterrupted operation. Apparatus, suitable for thepractice of this process is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich z- Fig. l shows a longitudinal section of the heating chamberswith the decomposing cylinders and preheater enclosed therein, inelevation; also the separators, condenser and deodorizine tanks inelevation.

Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1, showing a sectional plan of 'one-half of theheating chambers and a top view of the other half; also a top view ofthe separators, condenser and treating tanks.

Fig. 3 is a front View of the deodorizing tanks.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the Vaporizing cylinder D, of Fig. 1,showing the pressure relief valve 230, connecting the decomposingcylinders with this vaporizing cylinder.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the separators or primary condensers,showing the pebble basket 29, cold water coils 28, and central well 31.

Further reference is made to my United States Patent No. 1,395,075.October 25, 1921, for process and apparatus for treating petroleum oilsto produce gasoline, in which the operation of the decomposing chambersherein referred to, and preferred in the operation of this process, aremore fully described and illustrated.

Describing the separate parts and their several functions, similarcharacters referring to similar parts thruout the several views.

9 refers to a pipe supplying the original oils. i

l0 is a feed pump.

11 is a pipe from the pump 10 to the heater H.

H is a heater of any suitable form, by

14 refers to rotating drums within the decomposing cylinders asshown indotted lines. These drums have openings in the necks, thru which the oiland vapors enter the drums, and open bottoms thru which both oil andvapors leave the drums. These drums serve two purposes, first to reducethe body of oil in the cylinders 'to an annular sheet, between the drumsand cylinders,l to facilitate vaporization at moderate temperature; andsecondly to retain the vapors for a period of time within the drums andwithin 'the surrounding. sheet of oil, thus decomposing the oil inlvapor form at moderate temperature and with the least formation ofnoncondensable gases and carbon.

21 refers to an annular space between the drums 14 and shell 13 of thedecomposing cylinders.

22 refers to pipes for draining the decomposing cylinders when required.

220 is a .pipe for drawing off the tarry residue from the vaporizingcylinder D.

23 refers to pipes conducting the vapors and oils from the annular space2l of one decomposing cylinder into the vapor drum of the next cylinder.

230 is a pressure relief valve thru which the 'vapor pressure is reducedfrom high pressure in the decomposing cylinders A, B and C to lowpressure in the vaporizing cylinder D.

D, Figs. 1, 2 and 4, is a vaporizing cylinder, wherein the high boilingoils and tarry residues passing over from the decomposing cylinders areseparated and in which 25 is a rotating shaft, and

26 .refers to sweeps suspended on arms attached to the shaft 25, tosweep the interior of the cylinder and prevent the accumulation of tarnear the hot shell of the cylinder. In 'this cylinder the vapor pressureis reduced to below 20 pounds per squareinch,

while the teniperature of' both vapors and oils, passing over from thedecomposing cylinders is maintained, thus permitting oils held in liquidform under the high pressure in the decomposing cylinders, te vaporizeunder the lower pressure in this cylinder D. rllhe temperature of thevapors may be here decreased by expansion due to reduced pressure, butthis decrease is at the same time counteracted by an Vincrease oftemperature due to passing thru the contracted throat of the pressurerelief valve. These reactions are however unimportant as the resultantvapors entering thisl cylinder D immediately pass out thru pipe 24,While the unvaporized oils and residues tall into the cylinder wherethey are allowed to accumulate to about the level of the line L; theoils here then slowly vaporize under action of the hot gases ofcombustion passing around the cylinder, the vapors then pass out of thiscylinder thru pipe 24 with the lighter vapors to the separator S1, whilethe tarry residue accumulating in the cylinder is drawn off thru pipe220 at 'the bottom.

S1 and S2, Figs. 1, 2 and 5, are separators or primary condensersconstructed alike and performing similar functions, in which 27 is anozzle thru which the vapors enter the separator; this nozzle isperforated on only one side, so thatthe issuing vapors give a rotativemovement to the oil in the separator.

28 refers to cold Water coils submerged in the oil in the separator toregulate the temperature, the cooling Water for these coils ispreferably drawn from the condenser tank where a uniform temperature isassured, the temperature of the oil in the separator is regulated byregulating the flow of Water thru pipes 42 and 43, feeding and drainingthese coils (see Fig. l).

29 is a basket filled with pebbles to scrub the vapors.

30 is the, vapor outlet.

300 is a pipe conducting the vapors from the outlet 3() (Figs. 2 and 5)ot' separator S1, to the nozzle 27 of separator S2.

31 is a well receiving the overflow oil from the surrounding coilchamber. This well acts as an automatic valve by having a closed bottomwith an extended neck 310, designed to slide up and down on the pipe 32and close or open the ports 320. (lil accumulates in the separator tothe line L, then overiows into the well sinking it to the positionshown. this oil then discharges thru the ports 320 and pipe 32 until thebuoying eort of oil surrounding the well exceeds the Weight of the wellwhere it again rises and closes the ports 320. thus controlling thedischarge automatically.

32 refers to the discharge pipes conducting the discharged oils fromseparators S14 and S2 hack to the feed pump 10. 'Two separators arepreferred, to thoroughly wash and scrub the gasoline vapors before goingto the coinlenser, though only one may be used if desired.

l`hc condenser (Figs. l and 2) mayebeot any suitable Aform but should beplaced so that the discharge from the coils will be above the treatingtanks T1, T2 and T, to prevent acid vfrom hacking up into thc coils.

This process` comprises the following distinct ,steps connected withcach other in one continuous operation: first, reducing the original oilto a synthetic crudeby partial evaporation and decomposition; second,separating the unvaporized asphaltic iiraction from this crude bydistillation; third, separating 'fractions ot' oil boiling above theboiling point ot the required gasoline, hy condensing these fractionsout of the resultant vapors; fourth, Washing, scrubbing and condensingthe vapors of gasoline.

Describing the operation of the process following the course of the oiland vapors thru the apparatus as indicated by the smallv arrows Freshoil is pumped from pipe J thru a pump 10 and pipe ll into the heater ll,where it is heated to above 200 1"., then passed thru pipe 12 and dome17 into the neck ot the interior drum 14, otl cylinder A., then downinto the drum; here the oils arc partially vaporized, the vapors tillingthe drinn under pressure expels the oil thru the open bottom into anannular space 2l hctween the drum and the cylinder, whcre both oil andvapors are subjected to a tempera( ure ot (5500 to 850O F. as they risethru this space, then discharge, thru pipes 23 into cylinders l andwhere the above described action is repeated successively. The vaporsand oils now pass from the decomposing cylinder (l thru a pressurerelief valve 231), 'mio the vaporizing cylinder l), where the vaporpressure is reduced from the high pressure ot above 35 pounds per squareinch in the decomposing cylinders to below 2() pounds in this` cylinderD, thus liberating vapors that were held down under the higher pressure.The remaining high boiling oils and residues fall into the cylinder I)where the oils vaporize under the high tcu'iperaturc and reducedpressure in this cylinder. the vapors then pass out thru pipe 21 withthe lighter vapors while the accumulating residues are drawn otli Jfromthe bottom ot this cylinder thru pipe 220. The mixed vapors passing thrupipe. 2-t discharge into the separator S1, and into a body of oilmaintained at a teniperature of 400o to (300O F., wherein oils boilingabove this temperature are condensed out of the vapors and returned thruthe feed pump 10, while vapors of oil boiling below this temperaturepass up thru the basket of pebbles in the neck of the separator and tit)ltlii llU are scrubbed,l then out at the top and over thru pipe 300 intoseparator S2, and into a second body' of oil maintained at the boilingtemperature of gasoline; here oils boiling above this temperature arecondensed out of the vapors and remain to return, together with thecondensate from separator S1, hack thru the feed pump 10. The gasolinevapors now pass up thru a second basket of pebbles in the neck of thisseparator S2, and are again scrubbed, then pass thru pipe 30 to thecondenser coils. The gasolinel and noncondensable gases, following thecourse of the arrows, pass from the condenser through the treating tanksT1, T2 and T3, wherein the pressure is reduced to that only ref quiredto discharge the gases and gasoline; the entire process operating undercontinuous, declining pressure. from the furnace F, the hot gases ofcombustion follow the course indicated by the feathered arrows, passingaround the decomposing cylinders A, B, C, and Vaporizing clyinder D,then thru and around the heater H to the stack above.

Temperatures and pressures herein given, also the number of similarparts and their arrangement, as shown on the drawings, are not to beconsidered as specific to this invention. but subject to changeaccording to requ i rement-s.

Claims:

l. A process for manufacturing gasoline. b v reducing high boilingpetroleum oils to lower boiling oils. comprising: decomposing the oil inboth oil and vapor form in cylinders, having a rotating drum within eachc vlinder, the oil and vapor entering the drum under vapor pressure, thevapors filling the drum and expelling the oil into an annular spacebetween the drum and cylinder, circulating the oil around the annularspace to prevent local overheating, and subjecting it to a moderatedecomposing temperature in contact with the heating surface of thecvliuder, also subjecting the vapors within the drum to the samemoderate dccomi'iosing temperature as the oil, and for a period of timesufficient. to etl'ect decomposition. while protecting these vapors fromoverheating by the surrounding sheet of oil in the annular Vspace.: thenreducing the vapor pressure to liberate vapors previously held down asoil under the higher pressure and precipitating unvaporized high boilingoils and asphaltie residue out of the vapors into a vaporizing cylinder,and maintaining a vaporizing temperature therein to vaporize these highboiling oils: drawing off the asphaltic residue from this cylinder andconducting the vapors of both high and low boiling oils to a separator.

Q. A process for manufacturing gasoline by reducing high boilingpetroleum oils to lower boiling oils, comprising; decomposing Heat issuppliedV of the cylinder, also subjecting the vapors within the drinnto the same moderate decomposing temperaturehas t-he oil, and for aperiod of time sutlicient to etl'cct decomposition, while protectingthese vapors from overheating by the surrounding sheet ot oil in theannular space then reducing the yapor pressure to libia-ate vaporspreviously held down as oil under the higher pressure and precipitatingui'ivapm'izcd high boiling oils and asp'haltic residue out of the vaporsinto a vaporizing cylinder, and maintaining a vaporizing temperaturetherein to vaporizc these high boiling oils; drawing oft' the asphalticresidue from this cylinder and conduct-ing the vapors of both high andlow lmiling oils to a separator; here condensing out of these vaporsoils boiling above 500o to 600O F'. by passing them thru a body of oilmaintained at this temperature in said separator, at the same timewashing and refining the vapors of lower boiling oils thru said body ofoil, then conducting these vapors of lower boiling oils thru a scrubbingmedium to a second separator; here, again passing these vapors of lowerboiling oils thru a second body of oil maintained at the boilingtemperature of the required gasoline A and condensing out oils boilingabove this temperature, washing and further refining the vapors ofgasoline in this second body of oil then conducting them thru a secondscrubbing medium to the final condenser, while drawing ott' the higherboiling fractions of oils from both mentioned separators and returningthem to the decomposing cylinders with the original fresh oil, vtheentire process operating continually under dcclining pressures.

3. In a process for manufacturing gasoline by reducing high boilingpetroleum oils to lower boiling oils, passing the vapors and unvaporizedoils from decomposing cylinders into a vaporizing cylinder and reducingthe vapor pressure in this cylinder to liberate vapors previously helddownas oil under the higher pressure; precipitating high boiling oil andasphaltic residues out of the vapors into this vaporizing cylinder andcirculating this oil and residue to prevent carbon forming on the shell;while circulating the hot furnace gases around outside of the cylinderand maintaining high temperature therein to Vaporize and separate thehigh boiling oils out of the asphaltic residues; drawing olif theasphaltio residues 1" rom the bottom of the vaporizing cylinder undconducting them to a furnace or a storage tank, "-.vliile conduction'all of the vapols of both high and low boiling oils to a separator, hereseparating out of these vapors coils boiling above the boilingtemperature of the reqired gasoline and returning such high boiling oilsto Athe decomposing cylinders while conducting away and oonrlensing 10the gasoline vapors.

Signed at New Yorininthe county of New York and State of New York, this2d day of July, A. D. 1920.

ROBERT YATES.

